Is Ramadan fasting associated with low scores of Healthy Eating Index?

Introduction: Background: intermittent fasting diets that reduce or completely restrict food intake for specific periods have become more popular in recent years. Fasting in Ramadan is also an example of these intermittent fasting practices. In fasting practices focusing on the duration of nutrition, less emphasis was placed on the information on the dietary pattern. Objective: this study aims to evaluate the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) and diet quality in fasting individuals in Ramadan. Material and methods: this study was a cross-sectional study, conducted with adults aged 18-65 years. Food consumption record was taken with a 24-h-record with food consumption form. Diet quality and adequacy were assessed with the HEI, Nutrient Adequacy Ratio (NAR), and Average Adequacy Ratio (MAR) from food consumption records. Results: according to study results, HEI and NAR Ca scores were statistically significantly lower in the fasting group than in the non-fasting group (p < 0.05). In the non-fasting group, HEI scores showed a negative correlation with body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2) and waist-hip ratio (r = -0.023, r = -0.148, p < 0.05). Conclusion: this study claimed that fasting might be associated with low scores of HEI. These results suggest that specific nutritional recommendations should be developed for fasting individuals.

Introducción: Introducción: las dietas de ayuno intermitente que reducen o restringen por completo la ingesta de alimentos durante periodos específicos se han vuelto más populares en los últimos años. El ayuno en Ramadán también es un ejemplo de estas prácticas de ayuno intermitente. En las prácticas de ayuno centradas en la duración de la nutrición, se ha puesto menos énfasis en la información sobre el patrón dietético. Objetivo: este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar el índice de alimentación saludable (IAS) y la calidad de la dieta en personas en ayunas en Ramadán. Material y métodos: se trata de un estudio transversal, realizado con adultos de 18 a 65 años. El registro de consumo de alimentos se tomó con un registro de 24 horas con formulario de consumo de alimentos. La calidad y la adecuación de la dieta se evaluaron con el IAS, el índice de adecuación de nutrientes (NAR) y la ratio de adecuación promedio (MAR) de los registros de consumo de alimentos. Resultados: de acuerdo con los resultados del estudio, las puntuaciones de HEI y NAR Ca fueron estadísticamente significativamente más bajas en el grupo que hace ayuno que en el grupo sin ayuno (p < 0,05). En el grupo sin ayuno, las puntuaciones HEI mostraron una correlación negativa con el índice de masa corporal (IMC) (kg/m2) y la relación cintura-cadera (r = -0,023, r = -0,148, p < 0,05). Conclusión: este estudio afirmó que el ayuno podría estar asociado con puntuaciones bajas de IAS. Dichos resultados sugieren que se deben desarrollar recomendaciones nutricionales específicas para las personas que hacen ayuno.

Is Ramadan fasting associated with low scores of Healthy Eating Index? / ¿Está asociado el ayuno de Ramadán con puntuaciones bajas en el Índice de Alimentación Saludable?

Background: intermittent fasting diets that reduce or completely restrict food intake for specific periods have become more popular in recent years. Fasting in Ramadan is also an example of these intermittent fasting practices. In fasting practices focusing on the duration of nutrition, less emphasis was placed on the information on the dietary pattern. Objective: this study aims to evaluate the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) and diet quality in fasting individuals in Ramadan. Material and methods: this study was a cross-sectional study, conducted with adults aged 18-65 years. Food consumption record was taken with a 24-h-record with food consumption form. Diet quality and adequacy were assessed with the HEI, Nutrient Adequacy Ratio (NAR), and Average Adequacy Ratio (MAR) from food consumption records. Results: according to study results, HEI and NAR Ca scores were statistically significantly lower in the fasting group than in the non-fasting group (p < 0.05). In the non-fasting group, HEI scores showed a negative correlation with body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2) and waist-hip ratio (r = -0.023, r = -0.148, p < 0.05). Conclusion: this study claimed that fasting might be associated with low scores of HEI. These results suggest that specific nutritional recommendations should be developed for fasting individuals. (AU)

Introducción: las dietas de ayuno intermitente que reducen o restringen por completo la ingesta de alimentos durante periodos específicos se han vuelto más populares en los últimos años. El ayuno en Ramadán también es un ejemplo de estas prácticas de ayuno intermitente. En las prácticas de ayuno centradas en la duración de la nutrición, se ha puesto menos énfasis en la información sobre el patrón dietético. Objetivo: este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar el índice de alimentación saludable (IAS) y la calidad de la dieta en personas en ayunas en Ramadán. Material y métodos: se trata de un estudio transversal, realizado con adultos de 18 a 65 años. El registro de consumo de alimentos se tomó con un registro de 24 horas con formulario de consumo de alimentos. La calidad y la adecuación de la dieta se evaluaron con el IAS, el índice de adecuación de nutrientes (NAR) y la ratio de adecuación promedio (MAR) de los registros de consumo de alimentos. Resultados: de acuerdo con los resultados del estudio, las puntuaciones de HEI y NAR Ca fueron estadísticamente significativamente más bajas en el grupo que hace ayuno que en el grupo sin ayuno (p < 0,05). En el grupo sin ayuno, las puntuaciones HEI mostraron una correlación negativa con el índice de masa corporal (IMC) (kg/m2) y la relación cintura-cadera (r = -0,023, r = -0,148, p < 0,05). Conclusión: este estudio afirmó que el ayuno podría estar asociado con puntuaciones bajas de IAS. Dichos resultados sugieren que se deben desarrollar recomendaciones nutricionales específicas para las personas que hacen ayuno. (AU)

Validation of the Turkish version of the Orthorexia Nervosa Inventory (ONI) in an adult population: its association with psychometric properties.

PURPOSE: To examine the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Orthorexia Nervosa Inventory (ONI) in a large adult population. METHODS: Included in this cross-sectional study, were 710 individuals living in Turkey who were between 18 and 65 years of age. The individuals were reached via an online questionnaire that included their sociodemographic characteristics and the ONI and Eating Attitude Test-26 (EAT-26). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to test the validity of the ONI. The ONI contains three sub-factors (behaviors, emotions, and impairments). Analyses were conducted using LISREL 8.80 for Windows and IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows 22.0. RESULTS: The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.91 for the ONI total factor scores and Cronbach alpha values for behaviors, impairments, and emotions were found to be 0.82, 0.84, and 0.81, respectively. The CFA performed supported the three-factor structure of the ONI obtained in the first sample. The minimum discrepancy per degree of freedom = 5.65 and the model generally fit well to the structure (RMSEA = 0.08, CFI = 0.94, NFI = 0.93, SRMR = 0.07, IFI = 0.94). A positive and moderate relationship (r = 0.42) was found between the ONI and EAT-26. A positive and low level (r = 0.16) correlation was found between the ONI and body mass index. There was no statistically significant difference between the ONI scores according to gender (p = 0.22). CONCLUSION: The findings suggested that the Turkish version of the ONI is a valid and reliable scale for determining the tendency for ON in a Turkish adult population. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level V, descriptive cross-sectional study.

Evaluation of the relationship between anxiety and nutritional habits in Turkish patients with multiple sclerosis during the Covid-19 outbreak / Avaliação da relação entre ansiedade e hábitos nutricionais em pacientes turcos com esclerose múltipla durante o surto da Covid-19

ABSTRACT Objective The Coronavirus disease 2019 is a global public health problem that has led to psychological disorders (depression, anxiety, etc.), especially in fragile individuals such as those affected by multiple sclerosis. This study investigated the relationship between anxiety and nutritional habits during the Coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak in multiple sclerosis patients. Methods This cross-sectional study was an online survey of multiple sclerosis patients living in Turkey. The total sample consisted of 294 multiple sclerosis patients. A questionnaire containing general demographic data, the Beck Anxiety Inventory, and nutritional attitudes and habits was applied to multiple sclerosis patients. Results Moderate or severe anxiety scores were found in 42.2% of multiple sclerosis patients. Weight gain was reported in 40.5% of them during the outbreak. A statistically significant difference was found in the distribution of individuals' Beck Anxiety Inventory scores for consumption of nuts/seeds, rice/pasta, cake/cookies, and water. A 1-unit increase in Beck Anxiety Inventory scores led to a 1.04 times increased consumption of bread and rice/pasta and a 1.05 times increased consumption of cake/cookies either before or after controlling for potential confounders. A 1-unit increase in Beck Anxiety Inventory scores led to a 1.06 times decreased consumption of water and a 1.04 times decreased consumption of meat and poultry, fruit (fresh), and rice/pasta, either before or after controlling for potential confounders. Conclusion During the Coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak, anxiety led to changes in multiple sclerosis patients' nutritional habits and food preferences. The continuous surveillance of psychological consequences and nutritional counseling during outbreaks should become routine as part of preparedness efforts worldwide.

RESUMO Objetivo A doença do Coronavírus - 2019, causada pelo Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), é um problema de saúde pública global e tem levado os indivíduos desenvolverem distúrbios psicológicos (depressão, ansiedade, etc.), especialmente indivíduos frágeis, como aqueles afetados por esclerose múltipla. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar a relação entre ansiedade e hábitos nutricionais em pacientes com esclerose múltipla durante o surto de coronavírus. Métodos Este estudo transversal é resultado de uma pesquisa online com pacientes com esclerose múltipla que vivem na Turquia (n=294). Um formulário de questionário contendo dados demográficos gerais, o Inventário de Ansiedade de Beck e atitudes e hábitos nutricionais foi aplicado a pacientes com esclerose múltipla. Resultados Escores de ansiedade moderados ou graves foram encontrados em 42,2% dos pacientes com esclerose múltipla. O ganho de peso foi relatado em 40,5% durante o surto. Foi encontrada diferença estatisticamente significativa na distribuição dos escores do Inventário de Ansiedade de Beck dos indivíduos para o consumo de nozes/sementes, arroz/massa, bolo/biscoitos e água. Um aumento de uma unidade nas pontuações do Inventário de Ansiedade de Beck levou a um aumento de 1,04 vezes no consumo de pão e arroz/massa e 1,05 vezes no consumo de bolo/biscoitos antes ou depois de controlar possíveis fatores de confusão. Um aumento de uma unidade nas pontuações do Inventário de Ansiedade de Beck levou a uma redução de 1,06 vezes no consumo de água e 1,04 vezes no consumo de carnes e aves, frutas (frescas) e arroz/massa antes ou depois de controlar possíveis fatores de confusão. Conclusão Durante o surto de coronavírus, a ansiedade levou a mudanças nos hábitos nutricionais e nas preferências alimentares dos pacientes com esclerose múltipla. A vigilância contínua das consequências psicológicas e o aconselhamento nutricional para surtos devem se tornar rotina como parte dos esforços de preparação em todo o mundo.

Evaluation of the effects of fear and anxiety on nutrition during the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of fear and anxiety on nutrition during the COVID-19 pandemic. DESIGN: Participants were recruited by an online survey in this cross-sectional study. The questionnaire included general demographic characteristics, level of fear and anxiety, and nutritional habits. The Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 test (GAD-7) were used to determine fear and anxiety. SETTING: Turkey. PARTICIPANTS: A total sample consisted of 1012 adults. RESULTS: In pandemic, fear and anxiety caused individuals to skip breakfast and snacks less, but more at lunch. A positive significant correlation was observed between the increased consumption of yoghurt, cheese and water and FCV-19S scores. There was a positive significant correlation between cheese, legume, nuts-seeds, cake-cookies, dessert and tea consumption and GAD-7 scores. A 1-unit increase in FCV-19S scores affected 1·04 times of increased consumption of yoghurt, kefir, cheese, nuts-seeds, fruit (dry) and rice-pasta. A 1-unit increase in GAD-7 scores affected 1·03 times of increased consumption of egg and fruit (fresh); 1·04 times of increased consumption of cheese and other vegetables; 1·05 times of increased consumption of milk, meat, poultry, fish, legume, nuts-seeds, fruit (dry), cake-cookies and tea; 1·07 times of increased consumption of rice-pasta and coffee and 1·08 times of increased consumption of bread and dessert. CONCLUSIONS: In pandemic, anxiety and fear led to changes in individuals' nutritional habits and food preferences. Continuous surveillance of psychological consequences for outbreaks should become routine as part of preparedness efforts worldwide. In addition, the effects of these psychological problems on nutrition should be evaluated.

The Effectiveness of New Adiposity Indices on Plasma Lipid Profile in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A Cross-Sectional Study with A Body Shape Index, Body Roundness Index, and Visceral Adiposity Index.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of three different indices used to identify the effect of visceral adiposity on lipid profile markers in patients with multiple sclerosis. METHODS: The study consisted of a total of 152 patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis who were aged 18 years and older. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) were accessed from the patient system. Patients' height, body weight, waist circumference, and hip circumference measurements were also obtained. The effects of three different adiposity indices, including A Body Shape Index (ABSI), the Body Roundness Index (BRI), and the Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI), on plasma lipid profile in multiple sclerosis patients were evaluated. The data were analyzed using the R software and SPSS 21 statistical software package. RESULTS: HDL-c was impacted by ABSI and VAI in males and only VAI in females (p < 0.05). An increase of 0.01 units of ABSI in males led to an increase of 5.88 mg/dL in plasma HDL-c level. In male patients with multiple sclerosis, LDL-c was positively affected by BRI and VAI changes (p < 0.05). One unit increase in BRI in males increased LDL-c level by 5.56 mg/dL, whereas 1 unit increase in VAI increased LDL-c level by 3.52 mg/dL (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: This study indicated that these three different indices employed to evaluate adiposity were associated with plasma lipid profile. The effect of VAI on plasma lipids is higher than that of the other indices. In patients with multiple sclerosis, the use of these practical and non-invasive indices will be useful in assessing plasma lipid profile.